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Organic Agriculture definition
Organic Agriculture, in its simplest form has been defined as "Agriculture without adding artificial/synthetic chemical substances". A synthetic chemical substance is one that is made through chemical processes. This does not necessarily mean that chemical substances are not involved in organic Agriculture, as we live in a world full of artificial chemical substances in soil, water and air. What we really mean by organic Agriculture, is applicable for the management of the farm and on this basis the farm is considered a living organism. Industrial chemical substances such as herbicides, Insecticides, fungi, livestock medications, super-phosphates and urea are not used in organic Agriculture. Generally speaking, no artificial chemical substance what so ever is used in organic Agriculture. Such substances are not used in the cultivation of the soil, the growth of plants or the production of infrastructures that are involved in the nourishment of plants, storage, processing or selling thereof.



Organic Agriculture is not a step backward. In this system, the best traditional knowledge is combined with modern science, and at the same time it is compatible with other modern methods of management. Organic farms, like other agricultural lands are well cultivated and require competent management especially regarding soil and pests.
Organic Agriculture is a holistic system of management production that renders the increase of a wholesome eco-agriculture regarding ecological diversity, natural cycle of nutritional elements and ecological and microbic activities of the soil. The U.S. Ministry of Agriculture has defined this holistic system of production as such: A system of production which prohibits the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, growth regulators, additives of human and livestock foods, or allows it in the least possible way. For the sake of herbal nourishment and preserving the fertility of the soil, this eco- agriculture to greet extent is dependent on agronomic alternation, use of herbal remnants, animal fertilizers, pulses, green manure, organic remnants outside the farm, mechanical control and weeds, ores, and is dependent an organic methods for controlling pests and diseases.
According to "International Federation of Organic Movement (IFOAM)", the definition for organic Agriculture is as follow: It is an agricultural system in which ecological, social and economic aspects of sustainable production of food, clothing, wood products, and etc is improved. In this system, the fertility of the soil is the key to a successful production. In organic agriculture, with the aid of natural characteristics/features of plants, livestock and environment, the quality of agricultural system and environment are preserved and improved.

The significance of Organic Agriculture
Considering the increase of the consumption of fertilizers and pesticides, and the consequences of which are the deterioration of soils, fertility and health, the pollution of air, water and food, there has been ever-increasing concerns over the global environment, and organic agriculture has gained great significance in the direction of the development of a bio-compatible sustainable agriculture around the world. Organic agriculture is based on using natural organic infrastructures such as fresh livestock fertilizers, composite, green manure, oil cake and waste materials of processing food materials and also ecological control of pests involving the minimum use of natural mineral materials in order to reinforce economic-agricultural system of the farms and improvement of soils ecological activities.



From the view point of development, the following major objectives have been allocated for organic agriculture:
1) a stable agricultural economy
2) The added value of productions
3) Good working conditions for the producers and their households
4) Planning the market and a specific tread of commerce which guarantees the supply of food
5) Supplying local needs
6) Quality balance
7) Production of healthy products free from residues
8) Respecting local culture
9) Good taste and quality
10) Minimum investment
11) The best use of local resources
12) Balance of ecosystem
13) Non existence of chemical pollution
14) Maintaining ecological diversity
15) Minimum foreign infrastructures
16) Animal- centered husbandry
17) Preserving natural resources
18) High fertility of the soil
19) Well and permanent efficiency
20) Maintaining and improving natural prospect and system of agricultural ecology
21) Avoiding extravagance and pollution of natural resources
22) Minimizing the use of energy and unredeemable resources
23) Production of sufficient amount of healthy nutritional food with high quality
24) Acknowledgement of ecological and traditional agricultural system
25) Partnership and sustainable development of activities through local communities and competent local networks
26) Decreasing the costs and increasing the income in process of production and exploitation.
27) Preserving natural ecosystems natural sustainability of the producers and consumers health
28) Preserving and promoting long-term fertility of the soil
29) Encouraging ecological cycles inside the farm especially food cycle
30) Providing supply of nitrogen by extensive use of nitrogen stabilizing plants
31) Preserving ecological plants on the ground of prevention instead of treatment
32) Diversity in the number of products and species of animals proportionate to local conditions
33) Husbandry proportionate to the needs of animals
34) Regulators of artificial growth, prohibiting chemical fertilizersŁ« preserving plants and hormones
35) Prohibiting genetic engineering methods
36) Prohibiting harmful methods, additives and artificial raw materials in food industries


Member of IFOAM and IOA